Prayer stick (ikupasuy) of carved wood, used in Ainu ceremonies to send prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with two bears in full relief and abstract designs in low relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with bracken and flowerhead in openwork relief, wave-like crests at pointed end, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with bear's head and cup on square offering tray in full relief and abstract designs in low relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with whale and offering cup on stand (tuki) in full relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), carved wooden stick with pointed end, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with three bears in full relief and abstract designs in low relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), carved wooden stick with pointed end and serpentine pattern, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), carved wooden stick with pointed end, incised pattern, white metal studs, and owner's mark, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers : Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), carved wooden stick with pointed end, pattern in sunk relief and owner's mark, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), carved wooden stick with pointed end, incised strap and imbricated pattern and owner's mark, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, abstract designs carved in low relief on upper surface and reverse, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with abstract designs in low relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, carved with abstract designs in low relief, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick (ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, abstract designs carved in low relief on upper surface, markings carved on reverse, used in Ainu ceremonies to deliver prayers: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century

Prayer stick with shaved decoration (kike ikupasuy), wooden stick with pointed end, attached shavings on upper surface, used in the Ainu bear ceremony: Japan, Hokkaido, Ainu, 19th to early 20th century